What is diabetic nephropathy?

Diabetic nephropathy is a common clinical and multiple complications of diabetes. In other words, diabetic nephropathy is the most serious diabetes complications, and is the main reason of the ESRD. Diabetic nephropathy is the major diabetic microvascular complications, mainly referring to diabetic glomerulosclerosis, and glomerular lesions in a blood vessel damage. Early asymptomatic, can be normal or high blood pressure. The incidence of prolonged duration of diabetes increased. Early renal volume increases, the increase in glomerular filtration rate was high filtration state, after the gradual emergence of the gap proteinuria or microalbuminuria, as the extension of the course persistent proteinuria, edema, hypertension, renal ball filtration rate, and thus renal insufficiency, uremia, diabetes one of the leading causes of death.
Diabetic nephropathy is caused by different etiology and pathogenesis of insulin in the absolute and the relative lack of that sugar, protein and fat metabolism disorders, chronic high blood sugar, the main clinical manifestations of systemic disease. Different ways diabetes can damage the kidneys such damages involving the kidneys of all the structure, but only glomerular sclerosis and diabetes, also known as diabetic nephropathy, is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes systemic. Diabetic patients with kidney damage in the event of persistent proteinuria, the condition is irreversible is often the development of end-stage renal failure. Diabetic nephropathy has become the leading cause of death in diabetic patients.
Pathogenesis
The uniformity of the basic pathology of diabetic nephropathy characterized by glomerular basement membrane hypertrophy associated with mesangial cell matrix increase, glomerular capsule, and glomerular mesangial cells were nodular hypertrophy and increased permeability. Its pathogenesis includes:
A high-protein diets exacerbate the deterioration of diabetic nephropathy; diabetic patients due to strictly limit the intake of carbohydrates, high protein fiber food supply, the main trade-off, resulting in excessive and accumulation of protein decomposition products and phosphorus load, thereby exacerbating the DN pathological damage.
(2) the impact of hypertension: diabetes, lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis and other reasons, merger a large number of high blood pressure, these patients can be seen almost urine microalbumin, indicating that the common kidney damage.
(3) high blood sugar: long-term increased with excessive blood sugar can lead to increased capillary permeability, plasma protein extravasation, causing the capillary basement membrane damage, glomerulosclerosis and renal tissue atrophy.